International Journal of Hematology and Oncology 2023, Vol 33, Num 4 Page(s): 118-128
Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Children Who Received High Dose Chemotherapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Dilek GÜNEŞ1, Kamer M. UYSAL1

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Onkoloji Enstitüsü Çocuk Onkoloji Bilim Dalı, İZMİR

Keywords: Childhood, High dose chemotherapy, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Hemorrhagic cystitis
Hemorrhagic cystitis may develop as a complication of high dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and lead to serious problems. In our country, high dose chemotherapy practice has been increasing, so physicians have to manage more patients with complications. Although there are widely accepted international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of some common complications of high dose chemotherapy, there is no such a standard for hemorrhagic cystitis. It may develop as a result of some etiological factors during different phases of therapy; the early-onset form is usually related with chemotherapeutic agents used in conditioning regimens where the late-onset form is associated with reactivation of certain viral agents. The duration and the severity of the clinical course show interpatient variability. The literature on this topic mostly includes case reports and small series treated with different strategies. In this paper, literature is reviewed about description, etiology, risk factors, and management of this serious complication.